Foundations of the West
Notes
[1] Ernest Wright and Robert Boling, Joshua (New York: Anchor Doubleday, 1982), 83.
[2] François de Polignac, Cults, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City-State, trans. Janet Lloyd (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 58.
[3] J. K. Davies, Democracy and Classical Greece ()xford, 1990), 46-47.[4] Barry Cunliffe, Greeks, Romans and Barbarians: Spheres of Interaction (New York: Meuthen, 1988), 15.
[5] Cunliffe, 24.
[6] Garth Fowden, Empire to Commonwealth (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), 20-21.
[7] Peter Green, Alexander of Macedon (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), 6.
[8] Claude Nicolet, The World of the Citizen in Republican Rome, trans. P. S. Falla (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), 31.
[9] F. E. Adcock, Roman Political Ideas and Practice (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1959), 13f.
[10] F. W. Beare, "Zeus in the Hellenistic Age," in W. S. McCullough, ed, The Seed of Wisdom (Toronto, 1964), 97f.
[11] Erich Gruen, The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 527.[12] P. A. Brunt, "The Fall of the Roman Republic," in Brunt, The Fall of the Roman Republic and Related Essays (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), 28-30.
[13] Adcock, 54f.
[14] David Schotter, The Fall of the Roman Republic (London: Routledge, 1994), 27.
[15] Nicolet, 92.
[16] Nicolet, 398.
[17] Adcock, 59.[18] Erich S. Gruen, The Last Generation of the Roman Republic (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974), 9.
[19] Gruen, Last Generation, 62f.
[1] W. Mierse, "Augustan Building Programs in the Western Provinces," in Kurt Raaflaub and Mark Toter, eds., Between Republic and Empire (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 325.
[2] Mason Hammond, The Antonine Monarchy, 482.
[3] Bel. Gal. 6.23
[4] Cunliffe, 176.
[5] Anthony Barrett, Caligula: The Corruption of Power (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 87.
[6] Cunliffe, 150.
[7] Cassius Dio, 67.2.4.
[8] Brian Jones, The Emperor Domitian (London: Routledge, 1992), 161.
[9] Graham Webster, The Roman Imperial Army (London: A & C Black, 1985), 67.
[10] Fronto, Princ. Hist. 10.
[11] Benjamin Isaac, The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East (Oxford: Clarendon, 1990), 51.
[12] Michael Grant, The Antonines (London: Routledge, 1994), 23.
[13] Karl Christ, The Romans.
[14] Scriptores Historia Augusta, Commodus, 16-19.
[1] Raymond E. Brown, The Gospel according to John, Anchor Bible, 29 (New York: Anchor Doubleday, 1966).
[2] Eccl. Hist. 3.11.1.
[3] Tertullian, Contra Marcion, 1.15.
[4] Contra Marcion, 1.2.
[5] Jaroslav Pelikan, ...
[6] De Praescriptione Haereticorum, 7.
[7] Civitas Dei, 14.28.
[1] George Duby, The Three Orders: Medieval Society Imagined (Chicago, 1982), p. 13.
[2] Heinrich Fichetenau, Lebensordnungen des 10. Jahrhunderts (Munich, 1992), p. 13.
[3] Letter XCL (408 A.D.)
[4] Robert Bartlett, The Making of Europe (Princeton, 1993), p. 5.
[5] Foundation charter for Cluny, 910, Ernst Henderson, Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages (London, 1896), pp. 329-333.
[6] Josef Fleckenstein, Ordnungen und formende Kräfte des Mittelalters (Göttingen, 1989), p. 238.
[7] Rene Doehard, The Early Middle Ages in the West, p. 125.
[8] Lex Bawiariorum, in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, I, Leges Nationum Germanicorum, V:2 (Hanover, 1926), 286-9.
[9] Philippe Dollinger, Der bayerische Bauernstand vom 9. bis zum 13. Jahrhundert (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1982 ), 430-433.
[10] Kenneth Setton, "On the Importance of Land Tenure and Agrarian Taxation in the Byzantine Empire, From the Fourth Century to the Fourth Crusade," American Journal of Philology, 74: 231.
[11] Setton, p. 258.
[12] F. L. Ganshof, Feudalism (New York, 1961), pp. 6f.
[13] Barbara Sasse, Die Sozialstruktur Böhmens in der Frühzeit: Historisch-archäologische Untersuchungen zum 9. -12. Jahrhunderts, Berliner Historiche Studien 7 (Berlin, 1982), 221.
[14] Jean-Pierre Poly and Eric Bournazel, The Feudal Transformation, 900-1200, (New York, 1991), p. 58.
[15] Setton, p. 228.
[16] Setton, p. 227.
[17] Procopius, History of the Wars, VII, xiv, 22.
[18] Duby, p. 177.
[19] Bartlett, 121f.
[20] Richard Hodges, The Anglo-Saxon Achievement (Ithaca, 1989), p. 168.
[21] Marc Bloch, "From the Royal Court to the Court of Rome: The Suit of the Serfs of Rosny-Sous-Bois," in Sylvia Thrupp, ed., Change in Medieval Society (New York, 1964), p. 4
[22] Bloch, p. 5.
[23] Giovani Tabacco, The Struggle for Power in Medieval Italy; Structures of Political Rule (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 198-203.
[24] Gerd Tellenbach, Church, State, and Christian Society at the Time of the Investiture Contest (Oxford, 1959), p. 105.
[1] Ostrogorsky, 297.
[2] Ostrogorsky, 322.
[3] Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), II: 263f.
[4] Jaroslav Pelikan, The Growth of Medieval Theology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), 145.
[5] John Scotus Erigena, On Nature, 1:14, 31; 4:7.
[6] Alan of Lille, On the Catholic Faith against the Heretics of his Time.
[7] D. E. Luscombe, The School of Peter Abelard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 20.
[8] Luscombe, 262.
[9] Pelikan, Medieval Theology, 233.
[10] Deno John Geanakoplos, Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West (Cambridge, 1959), 140.
[11] Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine State, p. 465.
[12] Margaret Wade LaBarge, Louis IX (Boston, 1968), pp. 105f.
[1] Malcolm Lambert, Medieval Heresy (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1992), 182.
[2] Edouard Perroy, The Hundred Years War (New York, 1965), 114.
[3] Perroy, 127.
[4] Maurice Keen, "Wyclif, the Bible, and Transubstantiation," in Anthony Kenny, ed., Wyclif and his Times (Oxford, 1986), 1-16.
[5] De potestate papae, ed. J. Loserth (London, 1909), 248.
[6] Howard Kaminksy, A History of the Hussite Revolution (Berkeley, 1967), 32.
[7] Lambert, 237.
[8] Kaminsky, 19.