Fall 2005

HIS240 Latin America to Independence

Study Questions for Midterm Exam

~ Monday, October 17^th ~

You will have 50 minutes to complete the exam.

You may use a single 5x7 card with notes (both sides). Blue books will be provided.

Part I: Identification & Significance

You should be able to write at least 4 or 5 sentences explaining why this item (person, place, thing, event, statement) is central to a significant historical question. How are each of these a window to a larger discussion of the history of the region we now call Latin America? (Note: you should be able to say at least 3 interesting things about each of these, as well as suggest its significance.) You will be asked to choose four (4) of these items from a list of five. You will have 30 minutes. [60 points]

1. Amadis de Gaula

2. Atahualpa

3. Ayllus

4. Azcapotzalco

5. Bat House

6. Cabildo

7. Cacique

8. Calendar Round

9. Callapiña Document

10. Capulli

11. Caravel

12. Castille

13. Caui Llaca

14. Celebration of Toxcatl

15. Chinampas

16. Cholula

17. Coatlicue

18. Codex

19. Conversos

20. Córdoba

21. Cuzco

22. El Dorado

23. Encomienda

24. Fifth Ayllus: Sañuq & Oro

25. Flowery Wars

26. Fueros

27. Guerilla Warfare

28. Hanancuzco/Hurincuzco

29. Hidalguía

30. House of Tears

31. House of Youth

32. Huacas / Wakas

33. Huitzilopochtli

34. Inca Road

35. Inca Tunics

36. Ixiptlas

37. La Malinche

38. Long Count

39. Lords of Xibalba

40. Magicians/Wizards

41. Manco Inca

42. Manqo Qhapaq

43. Mayan numerical system (be able to convert Mayan number): bars and dots.

44. Mita

45. Moctezuma

46. Mythohistory

47. Nahuatl

48. New Fire Ceremony

49. Night of Sorrows

50. One Reed

51. Otomi

52. Pánfilo de Narváez

53. Papal Bulls

54. Pitz

55. Pochteca

56. Popul Vuh

57. Positional Succession

58. Pulque

59. Quechua

60. Quetzalcoatl

61. Quipu / Khipu

62. Reconquista

63. Repartimiento

64. Requerimiento

65. Roman Law

66. School of Translators (Toledo)

67. Smoke-Imix-God-K

68. Smoke-Shell

69. Smoking Mirror

70. Stellae

71. Sword & Cross

72. Tamu T’oqo

73. Tenochtitlan

74. Tezcatlipoca

75. The Catholic Sovereigns

76. The New Laws

77. The Twelve

78. Tlaloc

79. Tlatelolco

80. Tlatoani

81. Tlaxcala

82. Triple Alliance

83. Twins

84. Veracruz

85. Viracocha (Cuni Raya)

86. Warrior House

87. Water Lilly

88. Wheeled Toys

89. World Tree

90. Yanacona

91. Yax-Pac

92. Zero

Part II: Essay

You will be asked to write an essay in response to one (1) of the following questions. Make reference to all relevant material. Give examples that illustrate your points. Make sure that you have clearly-stated thesis, a structured argument, a thoughtful conclusion. Also, make sure to be specific in you use of terms and evidence. You will have 20 minutes. [40 points]

1. Discuss the various Images of Power in Mayan, Inca, Aztec, and Spanish societies.

2. Compare and contrast the Aztec, Inca, and Spanish approaches to Expansion.

3. What is the relationship between Priests, Warriors, and Merchants in Aztec, Inca, and Spanish societies around the time of Conquest?

4. To what extent is the writing (production) and reading (consumption) of the history of Pre-Hispanic America and its encounter with Europeans an interpretative exercise?

5. Why were the Spanish able to conquer the Americas? (Consider developments within Spain, Europe, the American Civilizations as well as the perceptions and conditions surrounding conquest itself.)

6. How did the encounter between the Spanish and the Aztecs both confirm and challenge the world views of each society?

7. How is the fate of the indigenous peoples of the Americas a complicated moral, political, economic, and social issue in the thinking of 16^th century Spaniards (in Spain and in the Americas)?